Informative Speech Rough Draft Outline Introduction Free Essays

Educational Speech Rough Draft Outline Introduction:Do you get yourself not having as much vitality during the week as you used to when you were in secondary school? Do you find that you get crabby all the more regularly? General Purpose:I am here to educate you about Chemical Warfare. See Statement: First we will discuss what is Chemical Warfare. At that point we will explorehow Chemical Warfare works, lastly we will talk about the advantagesand weaknesses of Chemical Warfare. We will compose a custom paper test on Useful Speech Rough Draft Outline Introduction or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now I. What is Chemical Warfare? A. To start what is the meaning of Chemical Warfare. 1. Concoction Warfare definition (1) 2. Weapons and specialists B. Next, what are a few kinds of Chemicals utilized in Chemical Warfare. 1. Nerve Agents (2) a. Assaults the sensory system b. Indications 2. Vesicant/Blister (2) Transition:We have completed the process of discussing, what is Chemical Warfare. We will be proceeding onward to how Chemical Warfare functions. II. How Chemical Warfare functions. A. In the first place, how Chemical Warfare weapons are depolyed. 1. Scattering Technique (2) 2. Warm scattering (2) B. Next, how Chemical Warfare is regarded successful. 1. Lack of provisions 2. Inaccesblie regions Transition: This closes how Chemical Warfare works; presently let’s get done with the points of interest and detriments of Chemical Warfare. III. Focal points and inconveniences of Chemical Warfare A. To start with, let’s talk about the benefits of Chemical Warfare 1. Cost of utilizing Chemical Warfare (3) 2. Difficult to safeguard against (2) B. At long last, let’s talk about the burdens of Chemical Warfare 1. Losses (3) 2. Untrustworthy precision (2) a. urban situations b. controlled segments Conclusion:I will flag the finish of my discourse with a post rundown. I will recover the consideration of the crowd by utilizing the round trip strategy. I will secure by making the end sound like the end. Step by step instructions to refer to Informative Speech Rough Draft Outline Introduction, Essay models

What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems

Cost Accounting Reporting System manages the way toward following, estimating, recording and characterizing the fitting allotment of use (money related and non-budgetary) for the assurance of the expense of item or administration in an association and for the introduction of appropriately masterminded information with the end goal of control and direction of the board (Horngren et al, 2010). Expenses are estimated as far as Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and Overhead/Absorbed Costs. Supervisors use cost bookkeeping to help dynamic to decrease an organization's expenses of items and benefits and improve its gainfulness. The executives Accounting Reporting System is worried about the procedure of ID, estimation, amassing, examination, arrangement, understanding and correspondence of monetary and non-budgetary data utilized by chiefs to design, assess and control inside an element and to guarantee fitting utilization of and responsibility for its assets to supervisors inside associations, to give them the premise in settling on educated business choices that would permit them to be better prepared in their administration and control works in this manner improving both client and investor esteem (CIMA, 2010). In contrast to budgetary bookkeeping data, the executives bookkeeping data is utilized inside an association normally for dynamic in shifted zones like item structure, production,marketing, and execution the executives. The board bookkeeping frameworks likewise don't need to adhere to set standards and runs and is normally private and its entrance accessible just to a chosen few. Cost Accounting works inside the boundaries of Management Accounting. As organizations turned out to be progressively unpredictable and broadened, an increasingly exhaustive revealing framework was required so as to assist the executives with deciding. Present day cost bookkeeping frameworks take the point of view that gathering cost data is a component of the administration choices being made. Along these lines it tends to be securely comprehended that Management Accounting developed from Cost Accounting. Henceforth, the differentiation between the board bookkeeping and cost bookkeeping isn't so all around characterized and the terms are utilized reciprocally (Horngren et al, 2010). The board Accounting standards are likewise utilized in other bookkeeping related capacities, for example, Long Term Planning (LTP), planning and estimating income and benefit arranging. Once more, cost bookkeeping information is utilized as a necessary piece of the procedure. The board Accounting Reporting Systems: Necessity and Role Value creation is the major point of convergence for the directors in an association across differing divisions (Smith, 2010). Worth creation alludes to both client and investors. Making client esteem has been a key worry for the associations yet just as of late have the directors come to perceive the significance of understanding the client esteem †the worth that a client puts on specific highlights of an item and fulfilling clients is basic to accomplishing expanded deals and piece of the pie and thusly to accomplish the investor esteem (Smith, 2010). Investor esteem is likewise a key center zone for the supervisors and includes improving the total assets of the business for the investors/proprietors of the organization. From a shareholders’/owners’ viewpoint, boundaries like expanded benefits, share worth and profits are critical and the board is accused of the obligation of conveying on all the boundaries. To upgrade client or investor esteem, directors need to comprehend what drives esteem. They need to settle on choices and put assets in the exercises or parts of their business that lead to upgrades in client and investor esteems. The powerful and effective utilization of assets is basic to making an incentive to clients and investors; and Management Accounting Reporting System gives the genuinely necessary basic data to help directors to play out this job (Smith, 2010). The board Accounting System underpins the organisation’s arranging and usage of procedure. The key arranging of an association indicates the bearing (sort of organizations and markets to enter and how to contend in the market) that the association means to assume control over the long haul to meet its targets. Vital arranging draws on a wide scope of the executives bookkeeping data from costing, planning, execution estimation frameworks, just as data from systematic investigations, both outer and inside to the association (Smith, 2010). The usage of the technique requires the executives bookkeeping framework connect the drawn out designs to the planning framework, to create yearly spending plans that underpins the2 organisation’s methodologies. Execution Measurement Systems which frames a piece of the administration bookkeeping framework can be utilized to contrast genuine results with financial plans and different focuses on that attention on the organisation’s trategic targets (Smith, 2010). With relentless rivalry in the commercial center, very much oversaw associations center their destinations and procedures around building and keeping up wellsprings of upper hand. Hence Management Accounting Systems adds to improving the organisation’s upper hand as far as quality, conveyance time, adaptability, advancement and cost through present day process improvement and cost the board procedures. It additionally gives data to help oversee assets, through frameworks for arranging (e. g. spending plans) and control (e. g. execution measures). Besides, Management Accounting System likewise gives assessments of the expenses of the organisation’s yield †merchandise and ventures, to help both the key and operational choice needs of supervisors. Cost Accounting Reporting System on an independent premise enables the association in discovering the expense of the item, to employment or administrations. The revealing framework gives nitty gritty data about the sythesis of complete expense for deciding the selling cost of the item or administration under various conditions. Completely created cost bookkeeping framework gives prepared data with respect to supply of crude material, work-in-progress and completed merchandise and furthermore encourages in the planning of money related and different articulations at such stretches as wanted by the administration. Cost bookkeeping announcing framework likewise helps in estimating and further expanding the proficiency of the association (Horngren et al, 2010). This procedure includes an investigation of the procedures and methodology utilized in assembling or giving merchandise or administrations to gauge the proficiency of the association or offices and formulating methods for expanding the effectiveness. Along these lines, the cost bookkeeping data turns into the premise of figuring forward-looking employable arrangements. The Cost bookkeeping data is likewise used to control and decrease cost and subsequently expanding the benefits in this way expanding the client and investor esteem (Smith, 2010). The strategies that are utilized for controlling expense are budgetary control and standard costing techniques. The cost bookkeeping data makes feasible for the administration to recognize gainful and unbeneficial activities. Focusing on gainful activities and taking out non-productive ones can boost benefit. This data likewise helps in dispensing with inefficient use of assets at different levels and will help the administration in framing future strategy. Contrasted with other strong detailing frameworks like Financial Accounting System, which gives data about the monetary position and past execution of an association on a yearly or quarterly premise to speculators, banks, controllers and other outside gatherings, Cost and Management Accounting Systems can give data on a short and long haul premise which can be past, present and future arranged and can fulfill the short and long haul dynamic needs of the administration towards satisfying the hierarchical objectives (Horngren et al, 2010). The variables that contribute towards satisfying the hierarchical objective of expanding benefits and investor riches like data for arranging and controlling activities, appraisals of cost of delivering merchandise and enterprises proficiently; and data for estimating execution can likewise be given by Management Accounting Systems. Monetary Accounting Reports needs to follow severe rules and convention in its assemblage and last introduction structure. These standards and rules are universally acknowledged and actualized while Management Accounting reports are for inner utilization of the board for dynamic and may not be totally objective and obvious however is pertinent to the current issue (Horngren et al, 2010). In addition, Financial Accounting writes about the business or organization completely, I. e. Money related Accounting reports show the general image of an organizations monetary situation for a specific announcing period and are not worried about a specific division of the association while Management Accounting reports’ essential accentuation is on portion revealing (Smith, 2010). It manages the different sections like product offerings, divisions or some other order of the company’s exercises that administration finds helpful and isn't represented by proper accounting rules. End More or less, there is an enormous need for the executives and cost bookkeeping announcing frameworks in an association, not just for accomplishing the foreordained objectives and stay productive, yet in addition to make an incentive to the two clients and investors. Since the complexities of running an association has expanded because of entangled market frameworks and expanded rivalry, there is a requirement for the administration bookkeeping announcing framework to be brought under a typical control structure for the compelling capacity of the framework and helping the association to proactively diminish cost and bring productivity.

How does J.B Priestley use dramatic devices in An Inspector Calls? Essa

Coursework How does J.B Priestley utilize sensational gadgets in An Inspector Calls to pass on his interests and thoughts to the individuals from the crowd just as intrigue and include them in his play? 23rd, February 2005 The principle subject of â€Å"An Inspector Calls† is obligation. J.B Priestley needs to show the Birlings’ and the crowd that we as a whole share obligation regarding different people’s government assistance, and that affluent individuals have commitments to take care of those less blessed than themselves. Priestley utilizes Inspector Goole to put over his perspectives on society by depicting himself as a character. Through Inspector Goole Priestley can stress that with benefits come obligations to help other people. In the 1930’s Priestley’s primary concern was the social disparity in England. Religious set up The Commonwealth Party in 1942. Their primary contentions were open land proprietorship, more prominent vote based system, and another ethical quality in legislative issues. In 1945 Priestley’s party joined the work party. Priestley was especially powerful in building up the thought of the Welfare State, this at last occurred toward the finish of World War Two. The play is set in 1912 however was composed and acted in 1945. This is huge as it permits J.B Priestley to make Mr. Birling appear to be even increasingly ludicrous and naã ¯ve. For instance, he specifies how there isn't going to be a war, anyway by 1945 when the play was first performed the crowd realize that there were two wars somewhere in the range of 1914 and 1945, World War One and World War Two, which started in 1939. Mr. Birling moreover makes reference to how the boat Titanic won't sink, ‘unsinkable, completely unsinkable’. Again in 1945 the crowd realize that Titanic sank, thus the things that Mr. Birling says, the audienc... ...stley is too passing on his thoughts here. The crowd would understand that everybody is answerable for one another. Priestley interests and includes the crowd by having a great deal of pressure in the play â€Å"An Inspector Calls†. Priestley likewise interests them by having an energizing plot and a wide scope of characters. He includes the crowd by utilizing sensational incongruity early on in the play and utilizing characters to put over his concerns, for example, the reviewer in his discourse tells the Birling’s every one of you assisted with executing her. This isn't just focused on the characters in front of an audience however at the crowd as well. Priestley’s message in â€Å"An Inspector Calls† is duty and how everybody is liable for others, we are totally connected in society. This message is as yet significant today since we despite everything have obligations regarding others and our activities do influence others.

Thomas Nasts Cartoon essays

Thomas Nast's Cartoon articles This animation was picked on the grounds that it is amusing that there isnt any individual who can say who took the cash. It is a parody and it was portrayed by a celebrated visual artist of that time called Thomas Nast. Thomas Nast began a crusade against William Tweed. Tweed needed to end Nasts battle by conversing with the Harper Brothers, proprietors of the Harper Weekly, magazine where Thomas Nast distributed his kid's shows. At the point when the siblings cannot, Tweed attempted to pay off Nast by offering him $500,000 dollars, which was equivalent to a hundred times his compensation ($5,000). Nast despite everything would not end his crusade, and in the end William Tweed was placed in prison for being a degenerate government official. This animation that was distributed in the New York Times, mocks degenerate government officials of that time. It is in reality sort of amusing in light of the fact that it shows the truth, which is every individual is accusing somebody not the same as themselves. In the animation there is a circle, which they call Tammany Ring, made up of 15 individuals, as far as anyone knows every single degenerate government official. Beneath it there is an inscription that asks, Where is the people groups cash?- Do tell, and with an answer saying Twas him. In the animation every individual is highlighting the right. This is an indication that they are grafters and degenerate government officials since they cannot concede that they accomplished something incorrectly and take a straightforward assignment, which is to deal with the people groups cash. For instance, this person, Tweed, purchased 500 seats for $5 each and offered them to the city for $600 dollars each. He likewise burned through $13, 000,000 to manufacture the City Hall, when the spending plan was set at $350,000 New York City-the name brings to mind pictures for individuals all around the globe. Today, New York is a hurricane of blazing lights, surges of individuals, and the surge of thousands of vehicles. Conversely during the 1860s, New York landscape was somewhat unique. The main vehicles were horse-drawn, and gas road lights lit the boulevards with a delicate sparkle. Despite the fact that, there were ... <!

Complete Communities and Indulgent Diversities Essays -- Campus Life

Rebekah Nathan’s â€Å"Community and Diversity† centers around the changing meaning of the word network on school grounds and how that change influences the manner in which understudies invest their free energy and connect with different understudies. While grounds executives set up and advance grounds life network with honest goals of furnishing each understudy with intriguing exercises and helping first-time understudies make the bounce from home-life to school life, huge networks typically just detract from the little extra time left in the day and cause understudies to feel increasingly confined and alone. The interest on understudies to take part in each grounds action so as to frame a solid grounds life network drives understudies further away from sorted out gatherings and makes shaping little, select informal communities significantly increasingly alluring. Toward the start of her article â€Å"Community and Diversity,† Nathan notes most understudies just feel a feeling of fellowship in three regions: â€Å"age, mainstream society, and a bunch of (later) verifiable events† (Nathan 101)â€areas that don't actually work as ties that predicament. Indeed, even as grounds empty more assets and vitality into attempting to include understudies and to make a working network, numerous understudies rather pick to save time for themselves and little gatherings of companions, spurning the enormous, time-prohibitive gathering for systems of â€Å"individualism, suddenness, opportunity, and choice† (Nathan 105). While these egocentric gatherings frequently cover, they infrequently have indistinguishable matches, as every understudy makes their own system on a premise of nearness and comparative premiums. A considerable lot of the gatherings are additionally either totally contained a solitary ethnicity or incorporate just a cou ple of people of various races. In spite of the fact that the enormous, sorted out type of grounds... ...s reason and motivationâ€to give social structure, to teach, or to simply hold most of the rookie class? While an enormous scope network can give understudies numerous exercises with which to fill their days, it just can't offer every understudy truly necessary individual consideration and consideration. In spite of the fact that Nathan conducts splendid observational research in her article, â€Å"Community and Diversity,† she just starts to expose the circumstance, providing details regarding the proof around her, yet not arriving at the core of issue. Understudies today require a more profound comprehension from other studentsâ€an understanding they can't have in a huge network. Rather than sitting tight for little scope college programming to go along, understudies need to take matters, and their eventual benefits, into their own hands and make little, private systems that take into account their individual needs.

The Importance of AP

The Importance of AP Advanced Placement courses, otherwise known as AP classes, are a common crossroad for high school seniors. Common courses include, but are not limited to: AP Euro, AP Stats, APUSH, and AP Language. Should I take an AP course my senior year, or a more relaxed schedule? Let me tell you, AP is worth every minute of studying. And heres why. 1. AP classes save you thousands of dollars. Literally.  AP classes are free to take at high school (with the exception of the AP exam fee) and are thousands of dollars to take at a university. Save yourself money now, as you will definitely need any spare change once you get to school. Plus, AP classes tend to be easier than college general education courses. 2. The work you put in now, during high school, allows for more flexibility in your college schedule.   The fewer general education courses you have to take your freshman year, the better (fewer 600-student lectures). 3. It helps to come into college with as many credits as you can.   Aside from the fact that you need a minimum amount of credits to graduate, having credit hours shows that you are hard-working, determined, and a good student. Credit hours show how prepared you are for college, so gather as many as you can! Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Falling In - Literature Essay Samples

In his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger narrates the psychological and physical tribulations of Holden Caulfield, an overanalyzing, mentally unstable teenage boy, searching for satisfaction in an ever-changing world. In one selection, Holden describes his nighttime journey through Central Park; on the edge of an emotional breakdown, he seeks companionship yet continuously scorns the idea of being with those who care about him. Through Salingers manipulation of detail, setting, and repetition, he underscores Holdens feelings of loneliness and detachment, and he exposes his deteriorating mental state.In order to capture and demonstrate Holdens unspoken emotions, Salinger employs an ironic selection of details. Holden, lonesome and forlorn, longs to disregard his past experiences; however, as he breaks the record intended for his sister Phoebe, he didnt feel like just throwing [the pieces] away (Salinger 154). This unbroken tie to his past reappears as he describes the s tress and concern of his parents and his whole goddamn stupid bunch of relatives if he died (155). Ironically, he imagines only his fear of picturing [his mother] not knowing what to do with all [his] suits and athletic equipment and all and his abhorrence of his grandfather calling out the numbers of the streets when you ride on a goddamn bus with him; these insignificant and unprecedented details highlight Holdens ultimate mental degeneration (154, 155). Holdens psychological deterioration continues as he complains about squandering all of his money; after making this proclamation, he unwarrantedly casts his coins into the pond and explains that [he didnt] know why [he] did it, but [he] did it(156).Holdens feelings of solitude and wavering mental conditions parallel the disheartening, abandoned setting of the lake in Central Park. As Holden wanders through the park looking for the lake, he expresses that he knew right where it wasbut [he] still couldnt find it (154). This sta tement embodies Holdens psychological state of being; he proposes that he knows what he wants in life yet cannot seem to locate it. When he finally does find the lake, it appears to be partly frozen and partly not frozen; in this condition, the lake symbolizes Holdens precarious position on the border between rationality and insanity (154). Desperately searching for the ducks, Holden again appears to be seeking companionship. However, all of the ducks have disappeared, and he is left in isolation. As Holden edges toward the condition of mental instability, he symbolically comes close to damn near [falling] in once (154). By italicizing the word in, Salinger creates a double entendre; Holden appears to be in jeopardy of literally falling into the lake and figuratively plunging into a state of mental collapse.Finally, through his use of repetition, Salinger emphasizes Holdens preeminent detachment from the world and progression into physiological insanity. As he wanders through the park, he continuously reemphasizes the darkness around him; in fact, as the chapter progresses, the scene is described as getting darker and darker (154). Ultimately, Holden expresses that Its not too bad when the suns out, but the sun only comes out when it feels like coming out; just as the darkness of the scene successively appears to be significantly intensifying, Holdens feelings of isolation magnify to the extent of escalating his feelings of hopelessness (156). These emotions eventually generate apprehension and fear of death, the ultimate state of isolation and disconnection from others. As Holden ponders this possibility, he repeats the assertion that cemeteries are Surrounded by dead guys(155). Feeling isolated and solitary, he concludes that his detachment from society will infinitely aggrandize after death; therefore, he cannot take [his] mind off his fear of getting pneumonia and dying (156). In his mentally degenerating state of being, Holden truly believes th at he is perishing; consequently, he also deems it necessary to consistently reiterate his sister Phoebes fondness and adoration of him. Needing to verify this love in order to convince himself of its actuality, he asserts that She likes me a lot. I mean shes quite fond of me. She really is; this repetition illustrates Holdens hesitation in recognizing blatant human affection (156).As Holden Caulfield wanders through Central Park, J.D. Salinger adroitly incorporates an ironic selection of detail, a symbolic setting, and a revealing repetition of facts in order to examine this estranged, disturbed characters emotions. Sinking further and further into a state of psychological abnormality, Holdens detached and deteriorating thought processes ultimately foreshadow his impending, complete mental breakdown.

Punctuation and Mechanics

Conjugate the Italian Verb Preferire

Reflection Of Ebonics - 1741 Words

Language is a primary mean of communication that has contributed to society for millions of years. Language can tell a story about people’s culture. Language can produce a series of emotions and meanings. Language can be spoken distinctively through changes in spelling, speed, tones, and pitches. Language creates an atmosphere of togetherness, mystery, and security to outsiders. In my life, Ebonics had revealed an unique aspect of how my parents and distant relatives influenced my understanding of the Afrocentric dialect of the English language. In addition, it revealed how I communicate to my family and friends and the distinction of my reading between Ebonics and Old English during my high school years. Not to mention, for those who†¦show more content†¦Three years later, they resided in Lake Ridge, a predominately black suburban neighborhood, to start their new lives with me on the way to enter the world. After my birth, months later, my parents took me to visit both of their families in Memphis and Rossville, to show off their beautiful baby girl. My parents and I continued to visit our family almost 8 times a year. Once I could literally understand my surroundings when I was a 1 year- old, whenever I would visit my relatives, I could hear the uniqueness of how they spoke. I recall my aunts, grandmother, great- grandmother, and cousins on my mother side, speaking in many different tones, pitches, and speed. I could hear my grandmother telling my mother how cute I was. â€Å"Aww, now she ah cute lil girl, she ova here lookin’ like her daddy.† (â€Å"Aww, she is a cute little girl. She looks just like her dad.†), said my grandmother. I still remember the high pitch of her voice and the fast speed of how her words came out. But I didn’t think too much of it of course being that I was so young. Moments later, we arrived at my father’s sister’s house in Rossville, Tennessee. My aunt, K.K, held me up to her face and smiled with gleam. She turns to my parents and says, â€Å"Y’all don came all da way up here and I get to see dis angel.† (You all really came all the way here and I get to see this angel.†) Again, I recall that my aunt had the same high pitch and speed as my grandmother. After manyShow MoreRelatedShould Students Use Ebonics During The Classroom? Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesdropbox on Moodle. 1. Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement: We should allow students to use Ebonics in the classroom. Make sure you explain your answer well. I agree that we should allow students to use Ebonics in the classroom because then stu-dent will be able to learn about the different cultures and languages for them to know for their future learning and lives. Ebonics is an important in the because not all students may have access to someone with a different language than ourRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Understanding, Culture, And Perspectives1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural communication is about distinctions and variances that refer to traditional, and everyday life. In this reflection paper I will display supporting factors that contribute to my understanding of cultures. I will present my understanding of my background, experiences, culture, and perspectives. In addition. give my understanding of acceptance and differences in background, experience, culture and perspectives outside of my culture by giving my understanding of cognitive and behavioralRead MoreLanguage As A Form Of Communication Essay1388 Word s   |  6 Pagesdialect. However, if it is spoken by a speech community that is merely socially isolated, it is called a social dialect. These latter dialects are mostly based on class, ethnicity, gender, age, and particular social situations. Black English, or Ebonics, in the United States is an example of a social dialect. Dialects may be both regional and social. An example is the Chinese spoken dialect and written form called nushu. It apparently was known and used only by women in the village of Jiang-yongRead MoreThe Impact Of Hip Hop Music On America1491 Words   |  6 Pagesinitiate violence. When young men model around with their extravagant bling, they illustrate their worth to a female. Inadvertedly, materialism then becomes the means for winning sexual partners. Another is establishing a ‘thug’ reputation through Ebonics/slang dictation, baggy clothing and a street reputation. Young black women play a role in perpetrating hip-hop culture also. By ac knowledging only young men who wear bling or those who live a ‘thug life’, they maintain the appeal of a destructiveRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Language1737 Words   |  7 Pagesspeak a different dialect of their own are unintelligent or it’s â€Å"wrong†. However, â€Å"negative attitudes towards the language, lack of information about the language, inefficient techniques for teaching language and literacy skills† (CCCC Statement on Ebonics) does not mean someone having a different style of speech from another’s regard others who speak in dialects different from their own as being unintelligent, but simply because someone s style of speech is different from another s, does not makeRead MoreEmergent Themes And Data Supported Findings Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesplight the African American males have in life. Participants were asked to discuss the problems African American male students experience in writing. Teachers provided substantive statements supporting several emergent themes: 1) Chore to Write, 2) Ebonics, 3) Disconnect-Lack of Interest, and 4) Inadequate Communication. The data findings revealed 45.8% of teachers believed students feeling compelled to write as a chore. Of the statements 35.4% of participants said the students have a language barrierRead MoreQuestions On Diversity And Communication Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthat in America that may mean something different to the person that you are speaking with language. Take, for instance, the word see in English means to perceive with the eyes: discern visually, it also means discern or deduce mentally after reflection or from information; understand. In Spanish it s si and sounds just the same. But the Spanish version means yes. In the English language si is syllable for the seventh tone of a scale and sometimes even used for the music tone B. In frenchRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English Language Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesused by urban-working class and mostly bi-dialectical middle-class black Americans. The language is also commonly known as Black Vernacular English or Black English. In some cases, particularly outside the academic community, it is referred to as Ebonics given its distinctive features and similarities with other non-standard English varieties. The similarities with other varieties are evident when compared to various standard and non-standard English languages that are commonly used in the UnitedRead MoreSeeing a Color-Blind Future by Patricia J. Williams.2942 Words   |  12 Pageswith the whole Ebonics controversy. At my school a lot of the teachers were outraged with the whole Ebonics issue. At first I thought it was kind of cool that society felt like the way we as African Americans spoke was important enough to give us our own separate language. The more I thought about it the more I realized that racial discrimination was alive and well and I also realized that a stereotype was being implemented and that a lot of the youth was too blind to see it. Ebonics was to be termedRead MoreThe African American Culture And Consciousness From The Short Lived Black Power Movement Essay1867 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch and linking of historical data with modern day ideologies. He made connections between the changes in African American culture during this era and present day ideas of self-worth in the following generations. He connected the idea of self-reflection and related to the Black Power movements disdain of the Uncle Tom Negro. Also, he connected the music and art form during the Black Power movement with the following generation’s means of expression and choice pertaining to art and music. Van

A Research On Nursing Success - 1678 Words

Nursing Success Imagine that a year old little boy comes into the emergency room. He had been in a car accident and was losing a lot of blood. He needs a blood transfusion to help save his life. I know without it he is going to die. Once I talk to his family, I realize I am not going to be able to save him because, due to religious beliefs, he is unable to receive a blood transfusion. I now have to decide how to proceed. It is unethical to go against religious beliefs without consent, but I also took an oath to save lives. Now is when I have to be open minded and try to understand why the parents made the decision not to do everything medically possible to save him. Many times nurses have to pull the plug on patients that have signed a do not resuscitate form. They do not always understand it or agree with it but they do have to go through with it because it is the patient’s wishes. Part of nursing is being able to put their own feelings aside to do what has to be done. Many times people believe nurses are cold to their patients, but in reality it is their way of being able to get the job done. Nurses do not have the chance to break down on the job. They have to be able to keep an open mind to be successful in nursing, because religious, personal, and medical beliefs collide daily. If they were not able to maintain an open mind, it would tear them up and affect their abilities to do their job correctly. Religion is one are nurses have to keep an open mind. â€Å"Religion isShow MoreRelatedData Evaluation with CARS Checklist: Factors That Affect Student Success in Nursing School1762 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent success in nursing school. List of Sources Alameida, M.D., Prive, A., Davis, H.C., Landry, L., Renwanz-Boyle, A., Dunham, M. (2011). Predicting NCLEX-RN success in a diverse student population. Journal of Nursing Education, 50(5), 261-267. Bosch, P.C., Doshier, S.A., Gess-Newsome, J. (2012). Bilingual nurse education program: Applicant characteristics that predict success. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(2), 90-95. Bronner, M. (1982). Bridges or barriers to success: The natureRead MoreNursing Research Utilization Project1349 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Research Utilization Project: The nursing profession has experienced several challenges and emerging issues in the recent past that have significant impacts on the health and wellbeing of the society. Some of the major challenges facing this field include nurses commitment to their work, their etiquette while working, shortage of nurses, meeting patients expectations, and their dedication to their profession and patients. While there have been numerous attempts to address these issuesRead MoreClinical Nurse Specialist Job Description1672 Words   |  7 PagesDescription The healthcare environment in America is rapidly changing as a result of improved scientific research, healthcare reform, and an enhanced focus on Evidence Based Practice (EBP) care. This has given rise to the need for a highly educated and expertly trained nursing workforce. Clinical nurse specialists (CNS), trained as advanced practice nurses, fulfill a vital need in nursing by providing expert clinical expertise to patients, families, and staff. CNSs are also committed to improvingRead MoreAfrican American Nursing Students Have The Lowest Graduation Rate Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough African-Americans represent the largest minority group, studies show they have the lowest success rates in nursing programs. According to the AACN (2013), â€Å"African-American nursing students have the lowest graduation rate when compared to other minority groups†. The lack of minorities providing care negatively effects healthcare outcomes and accessibility. In order to in crease the number of African-Americans nurses practicing, it is essential to gain an understanding of the conditionsRead MoreAfrican Americans and the Nursing Field1369 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant that it was to go to the doctor and how important it is now. Despite the importance of the medical profession, nursing in particular requires a tremendous amount of training and further education. However, it is known that becoming a nurse is not an easy task to accomplish which means a greater shortage of nurses. As Lisa Seldomridge and Mary DiBartolo ,two professors of nursing notes in 1998 that â€Å" The current shortage of nurses. . .† led up to the conclusion that precautions need to be takenRead MoreThe Global Issue Of Mental Health And Shortage Of Nursing Staff1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthis utilization review is compare and contrast the global issue of mental health and shortage of nursing staff. Mental health is not the primary choice of nursing students when they g raduate, and there is a shortage of psychiatric nurses as the older generation is coming closer to retirement. Across the states in Australia, studies have been conducted by Registered Nurses to survey and analyze nursing students and their field of preference after graduation. From the studies analyzed in this literatureRead MoreThe Increment of the Proportion of Nurses with a Baccalaureate Degree: Nursing Recommendations919 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact extensively on the performance of nurses and the general efficiency of the nursing profession. An increase of such nurses to 80% would certainly mean that the care and duty normally provided by the nurses will certainly improve. Considering that most nurses only hold diploma certificates as the basis for their service, an increase in degrees will mean that more nurses will have learnt more about the nursing profession. In this regard, their performance would be expected to increase drasticallyRead MoreNurse Educators Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesSummarize the webinar of your choosing and discuss the implications concerning nursing education. The webinar titled â€Å"Succeeding as a Nurse Educator† was presented by Diane Billings, EdD, RN, FAAN. The three objectives for the webinar were to be able to â€Å"differentiate between the roles of faculty appointment: teaching, service, and scholarship; implement strategies for working smarter, not harder; and develop a career plan for success as a nurse educator† (Billings, 2013). The webinar started by discussingRead MoreNursing Theorist1222 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Theorist: Betty Neuman Nursing Theorist: Betty Neuman Intro Nursing theories are the basic concepts that define nursing practice and provide the explanation to why nurses do what they do. Nurses are exposed to theories everyday in clinical practice. During any given day, a nurse will utilize multiple nursing theories. These theories guide how a nurse treats patients, how tasks are performed, assessments completed and interventions established. By studying nursing theory, it allowsRead MoreHow Budgeting Is A Way Of Creating A Plan For Spending Of Money Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagesfor cost overruns. SOCIAL CONTEXT When budgeting is done, it helps to use your money wisely. Prevent +one from being in debt. One saves for the extras that make life enjoyable. The living expenses are paid. CURRENT RESEARCH Budgeting is a useful tool for financial success. It is easy to implement. People with income and expenses of all sizes find it easier to make conscious decisions about how to spend their money. APPLICATION IN CURRENT JOB In my place of work, the head nurse sees the budgeting

Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs Free Essays

On September 4, 1997, Phyllis Schlafly wrote an article titled â€Å"School-to-Work Will Train, Not Educate. † The article discusses the cons of the school-to-work program and that states that it is portrayed as a â€Å"cradle to the grave. † The article says that the school-to-work program will train and not educate. We will write a custom essay sample on Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schlafly is the president of the Eagle Forum, a organization that stands for the fundamental right of parents to guide the education of their own children, thinks that â€Å"school-to-work is a direct threat to the individual student, his or her privacy, his or her goals and his or her acquisition of an education that can help him reach them. Schlafly†s opinion wrong and will not pass in today†s society. In Schlafly†s criticism, she states that the school-to-work program â€Å"deemphasizes or eliminates academic work and substitutes mandated vocational training to better serve the workforce. † She also says that â€Å"instead of the focus being on developing the child, the focus is on developing a labor force. † Schlafly thinks that school-to-work is training rather then education. In contrast to Schlafly, Olson says that school-to-work give students â€Å"motivation† which will help students because students in today†s society are not motivated enough. Surveys prove that students describe education as â€Å"boring. † Schlafly believes that the STW law stating that vocational training starts â€Å"at the earliest possible age†¦ † is wrong. The reason is that she believes that elementary or middle school children do not know what career they want to fulfill. The last point in Schlafly†s article is she states that â€Å"big businesses support school-to-work because they think that vocational courses in high school for illiterate or semi-illiterate students will train young Americans to compete in the global economy with people in the third world willing to work for 25 and 50 cents an hour. She is basically saying that big businesses are supporting school-to-work because they want some cheap labor. In conclusion to her article, Schlafly says that â€Å"all those who value freedom must defeat and defund school-to-work. † She thinks that school-to-work is oppressing the students from their freedom to learn and receive a good education. Schlafly†s article says that Marc Tucker†s plan for school-to-work is to â€Å"train children in specific jobs to serve the workforce and the global economy instead of educate them so they can make their own life choices. She also says that it is designed on the â€Å"German system. † Where did she get the idea that school-to-work is based on the â€Å"German system? † She does not know what she is talking about and the information she is spreading is invalid. She also states that the program is to â€Å"train† children but she also does not give the option of training and educating together. Olson shows how training and education goes together by showing kids why they have to learn and by creating a desire to learn. Schlafly is absolutely wrong about â€Å"training children. † Beginning school-to-work at the earliest age possible does not mean that elementary and middle school students are going to choose their lifetime career. Giving the children vocational training will give them an option in what they want to do in the future. Children will see if they like the field of training and study and decide whether or not they want to pursue that vocation in the future. In comparison to what Olson says, â€Å"school-to-work activities can provide choices and opportunities for young people, many of whom are not now well served y our education system. Schlafly says that â€Å"big businesses support school-to-work† because it will provide them with cheap labor. Where did Schlafly get this information? Throughout the whole article there is no proof of justifying this idea. She also mentions that governors support the program because â€Å"it gives them control of a pot of money for which they don†t have to account to the state legislature. † This statement also lacks evidence and cannot be used to prove that the program is a failure. School-to-work is not for businesses or governors, but rather for the children themselves and their goals for their future. Like Olson says, â€Å"school-to-work can encourage young people to pursue education and training beyond high school. † Is Schlafly criticism valid at all? Absolutely not, she bases her information on nothing, such as the â€Å"German system. † Schlafly proved that school-to-work is training for a lifetime career but this argument is wrong because training can also be compatible with education. Big businesses and governors may support school-to-work for cheap labor and for the money but there is no proof and even if there was any proof not all businesses and governors would think that way. Until Schlafly gives some proof to her information and can prove that training and education are not compatible, she is not to be taken seriously. School-to-work is a very good idea and to agreement with Olson, â€Å"done right school-to-work can be a powerful tool in the effort to achieve higher academic standards and a more educated citizenry. How to cite Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs, Papers

African art affected the style and subject matter of the Cubist art movement Essay Example For Students

African art affected the style and subject matter of the Cubist art movement Essay The aim of this art history essay is to discuss the ways in which primitive, African art affected the style and subject matter of the cubist art movement. Cubism is considered as art of abstraction which makes reference to the visible world but doesnt copy it. It depicts real forms in a simplified way keeping only an allusion of the original natural subject. Cubism originated from Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in 1907. Their style was heavily influenced by post impressionist artist Paul Cezanne, whos later work starts to depict the multiple perspectives that defined the cubist period. The cubists felt that the traditions of western art in which subject-matter and style had been depicted had been unchanged since the renaissance and they believed a new challenge was needed to revitalise the conventional methods set by the academy. Most of the cubists were attracted by the anarchist philosophy, and they wanted to create art that would shock the academy, critics and public. About this time Paul Gauguin had travelled to Tahiti were he painted the natives and their natural surroundings, this in itself was revolutionary as no other western artist had explored to such a depth geographically or artistically. Primitive art was not greatly known outside the African continent but other artists were also beginning to notice these cultural differences. So with the new perception on painting from multiple viewpoints and the opportunities of new cultural experiences, the cubists became extremely enthusiastic about re-inventing 20th century art. 1(Georges Braque recalled that negro masks opened a new horizon for me. They made it possible for me to make contact with instinctive things, with uninhibited feeling that went against the false tradition which I hated). The simplified shapes and lack of concern with realist depiction of the sculptures attracted them to including and incorporating this style into their own work. The sculptures and the masks of the primitive have a lot of religious meaning to the native people; the westerners were not however, interested in the religious symbolism of these cultural artefacts. 2(Apollinaire remarked: in negro sculpture, no account is taken of the supernatural character with which it is endowed by the artists, who have created it and the faithful who worship it) Westerners viewed Africa as the symbol of savagery. The cubists, however, saw this as a refreshing source but merely valued their expressive style and abstract forms. 3(His interpretation of African art, in these mask-like faces, was based on this idea of African savagery; his brush-strokes are hacking, impetuous, and violent). Picasso was able to convey his personal feelings and views about the primitive culture through his dramatic art work. Maurice Vlaminck sold an African mask to Derain who, in turn, introduced it to Picasso. 4(Derain was speechless and stunned when he saw it Picasso and Matisse, who were also greatly affected by it.) This was the first time Picasso had seen such unusual art. He later went to an exhibition at the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadero in Paris, which intrigued him further. The 19th century Fang sculpture (below) is similar to what Picasso saw just before he painted Les Demoiselles D Avignon in 1907. It is notably Picassos first art works to be influenced by primitive art. Perhaps being the most revolutionary painting of the 20th century by breaking with traditions of the past. It is considered the birth of cubism. Outline1 Picasso, Les Demoiselles D Avignon, 1907.2 Picasso, Head of Woman, 19073 Picasso, Nude with raised arms, 19074 Georges Braque, Large Nude, 19085 Picasso, Glass and Bottle of Suze, 1912 and Georges Braque, Violin and Pipe, 1913 Humanism and Its Relation to the Art of Governing EssayTheir style at this time is known as analytic cubism which developed between 1908 and 1912. The artists would reduced natural forms into basic geometric shapes; focusing on certain shapes to represent the natural world. 7(Cezanne wanted to treat nature by the cylinder, the sphere, the cone a tree trunk may be conceived of as a cylinder, a human head a sphere, for example). The cubists developed this theory further. Analytic cubism was an analysis of the subject viewed with many different light sources and use of space. Synthetic Cubism developed later between 1912 and 1919; paper collage was used for the first time. Newspaper clippings, wallpaper, fabric, sand and sawdust were a common addition i n this style of cubism; they wanted to incorporate the real world into the canvas. There was also the introduction of brighter colours and the shapes composed were of fewer and simpler forms. Primitive art really only assisted in to the development of analytic cubism, the artists had moved on to synthetic cubism and began to create art that viewed concerns with the everyday chaos of the modern world. Picasso, Glass and Bottle of Suze, 1912 and Georges Braque, Violin and Pipe, 1913 These are both examples of synthetic cubism; they do in fact look very comparable. Picasso and Braque often found it hard to distinguish the differences between their own works. The colours still seem fairly neutral with a hint of brighter colours but there is a distinct lack of primitive influence. So in conclusion, the cubists aim was to create a new approach to Western art, primitive art was used because they felt that it helped them in achieving this aim, They provided a radical alternative to the traditional Western conventions. It is clear to see how primitive art influenced and ultimately inspired the cubist artists. Pablo Picasso, notably, being the first to make visual reference to the stylistic and simplistic qualities of African art in his own work. Georges Braque, on the other hand, didnt use the African art so obviously; he preferred to paint landscapes and still life. He did however, take on board, the natural colours and stuck to a narrow colour spectrum. Cubist artists only really used elements of primitive art mainly when it suited their own needs. Therefore, primitive art, though not the only source of inspiration, nevertheless had a vital influence on the foundations of cubism.

Differential Industrial Research Project

Question: Discuss about the Differential Industrial Research Project. Answer: Introduction: Suggested report title Industrial Research Project Industry partner Mercure Sydney Hotel is the industry partner that is this particular hotel belongs to the top level of the Australian hotel industry. Mercure Sydney Hotel is a 4 Star Hotel and it is situated at a location where an individual can easily reach by 7 minutes walk only from light rail and train station i.e. Central Station. In other way round, it can also be said that this specified urban hotel is 1.9 Km away from both the Darling Harbor and Central Business District (Mercuresydney.com.au 2016). In general, it can be said that the hotel industry in Australia is constantly growing due to the increase in the total numbers of visitors to the country. It has been found that the numbers of inland visitors have increased in Australia due to expansion of business and for higher studies. Thus, the increased numbers of tourists have helped the country to raise its revenue in the hotel industry. Overarching problem The organization Mercure Sydney Hotel is a 4 Star Hotel and is well located in the centre of the city. Moreover, it can be said that the location of the particular hotel is also well connected to the train and light rail stations. Nevertheless, it has been found that in the present days, the sales or the arrival rate of the numbers of guests to the hotel has been reduced comparatively to its core competitors. The aim of this research project is to resolve the issues that are the main causes due to which the total sales revenue of the firm Mercure Sydney Hotel decreased with the passage of time. It is important to solve the particular issue of Mercure Sydney Hotel because the decrease in the arrival of rate of the guests has adversely affected the sales revenue as well as the profitability ratio of the firm. Overarching research aim The aim of this project is to identify the factors and causes due to which the sales and the arrival rate of the guests of the firm Mercure Sydney Hotel decreased with the passage of time. The particular research aims to investigate the reasons that are liable for continuous decrease in the sales revenue of the firm Mercure Sydney Hotel. Research questions(s) What was the sales revenue of the firm in the last 3 years and in the current year? What are the causes that have created a gap in the sales value? What are the demands of the customers in present days? Data needs Data and information for the primary research will be gathered through both online questionnaire survey of 100 customers and telephonic interview of 5 managers of similar hotels. Literature review: Keywords used for literature search The keywords that will be used in this research for relevant literature review are customer satisfaction level, methods to increase the sales revenue, methods to increase level of customer satisfaction, competitor analysis and competitive advantages. Literature review: Name 2 relevant articles Ghose, A., Ipeirotis, P.G. and Li, B., 2014. Examining the impact of ranking on consumer behavior and search engine revenue.Management Science,60(7), pp.1632-1654. Blal, I. and Sturman, M.C., 2014. The differential effects of the quality and quantity of online reviews on hotel room sales.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(4), pp.365-375. References Blal, I. and Sturman, M.C., 2014. The differential effects of the quality and quantity of online reviews on hotel room sales.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(4), pp.365-375. Ghose, A., Ipeirotis, P.G. and Li, B., 2014. Examining the impact of ranking on consumer behavior and search engine revenue.Management Science,60(7), pp.1632-1654. Ingram, T.N., LaForge, R.W., Avila, R.A., Schwepker Jr, C.H. and Williams, M.R., 2012.Sales management: Analysis and decision making. ME Sharpe. Mercuresydney.com.au 2016.Mercure Sydney | Hotel In Sydney CBD.Mercuresydney.com.au. Retrieved 26 November 2016, from https://www.mercuresydney.com.au/.

AP Language and Composition Students Samples

AP Language and Composition Students SamplesAp language and composition are a very challenging course that is typically required for undergraduates, PhD students, and high school teachers. Most academic institutions require high school teachers to use their AP language and composition courses in their classrooms. In order to prepare for the course, teachers first become AP language teachers and then write a sample, an essay, and ask that the essay be used in a class. Students take the opportunity to write the AP language and composition sample and take the essay or course in a classroom setting.There are typically five AP language and composition courses in high school. There are two to four half hour portions of AP language and composition that are required for students in each course. Students must often take these four half hour sections in a single session. This creates a serious problem for teachers who are pressed for time, but who can only focus on one half hour part of the co urse.AP courses are considered 'adaptive' in nature because students will take the materials with them wherever they go. Students can take the AP material in class, in the library, and in the driver's ed classroom, but that is not always an option.Many teachers find it difficult to use the AP English Composition Materials in the classroom because they tend to emphasize on the uses of grammar rather than on the cultural and political context that underlies the grammatical materials. This, in turn, means that students who will participate in the AP course for English Composition or language tend to write grammatically. This is an incredibly challenging and important course, and it can be difficult to make the transition from literature teacher to college English Composition teacher. Teachers have the benefit of using the AP materials but often fail to put them to work in a rigorous and English composition environment.Some students will take the AP English Composition they have college aspirations of being a novelist or journalist. It is often difficult to teach these students the class because the AP material focuses on grammar rather than writing. Students will be expected to write about this grammar. Writing for a Ph.D. student or a high school English teacher is a challenge.For these students, writing a composition is a much better option than writing an essay. Writing a composition would require some writing and there are only a few workshops available. These workshops are often the only resources for the students who want to graduate from high school English Composition without having to enroll in an AP course. Some colleges and universities have a writing retreat, where the student can attend with the AP language and composition instructor and actually write a composition for the class.At this point, AP courses for English Composition may seem like a burden. They may even seem impossible for a teacher who has a large amount of responsibilities. In order to do well in this challenging course, it is crucial to get help from someone who can facilitate the process. AP language and composition student samples are a great way to get an AP language and composition instructor to consider the students and the situation, and to help them get the best AP language and composition education possible.

memento essays

memento essays Memento directed by Christopher Nolan, is quite the rabble-rouser. The concepts and ideas the film conveys to the movie watching audience are a welcome, fresh change from the recent stagnation that American Film has endured. Mr. Nolan built this film off a concept that had nothing in common with the all too familiar current movie templates directors have been following in hopes to create the next box office smash. Although sometimes the movie seemed to become disjointed with too many segments to follow at once, it was none the less still a welcome change from the ridiculously repetitive suspense films of late. Now try to follow along, because the road does get somewhat twisty. The film begins with what amounts to the end, with Leonard Shelby (Guy Pierce) executing a man named Teddy. A man we learn later on Leonard believes to be responsible for the rape and murder of his wife. But is Leonard (an ex insurance agent) even murdering the correct man? The Polaroid says He is the one, kill him. Lost you already? Here lets clarify. Ever since his wifes rape and murder (in which Leonard sustained a serious head injury) Mr. Shelby has been unable to make new memories as he puts it. He remembers everything before and during the incident clearly, but everything he tries to place in his memory banks since then seems to fade as quickly as sunlight at dusk. Being only able to hold onto new thoughts and experiences for a few minutes at the most, Shelby lives his life through a compulsively strict system of post-it-notes, tattooed facts on his body, and Polaroid photos to remember faces by. This system keeps him alive and functioning, but somewhat unable to avoid the deception that occurs around him. After the film opens with the final moments, it then does a leap backwards in time to the scene previous. These backward leaps continue and in each scene Leonard is unaware of the events previous, w ...

Writing Press Releases

Writing Press Releases Writing Press Releases Writing Press Releases By Sharon Writing press releases is big business for freelance writers and it’s easy to learn the basic skills. Press releases inform people about the products and services that individuals and companies wish to promote. Their purpose is to make the news and they’re easy to write if you learn the basic techniques. The two key elements to consider are structure and content. Structure The structure of a press release is identical to that of a news story. It follows the inverted pyramid, leading with the most important information and ending with the least important information. The lead of your press release contains the six W’s – who, what, where, why, when and how. These six elements form the basis of your story. The rest of the press release expands on these by providing background information and quotes. Press releases are short and usually fit on one page. The top of the press release usually contains either the words â€Å"For immediate release† or an embargo date that tells editors when it’s okay to publish the news in the release. The end of the release usually includes contact details so people can get more information if they need it. Content So what do you put in a press release? The key to writing a good press release is to emphasize the people aspect of your story. News is about people and that’s what other people are interested in. Another important aspect is the what’s in it for me factor. When writing a press release, emphasize how people will benefit from the product or service being promoted. These tips will get you started with press release writing. A useful and detailed example can be found here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Story Writing 101Educational vs. Educative

Sarah Palin and MSNBC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sarah Palin and MSNBC - Essay Example About Sarah Palin Sarah Palin is a famous politician, author and commentator in America. She was born on 11 February, 1964 in Sandpoint, Idaho. Palin has two sisters and a brother. Shortly after Palin’s birth, the whole family shifted from Idaho to Alaska. Her father was a science teacher and her mother was a school secretary. Thus, affiliation with education was inherent in the familial culture in which Palin was brought up. Palin went to the Wasilla High School. In addition to being an exceptional academic student, Palin served in the girls’ cross country running teams and was also the Fellowship of Christian Athletes’ head in the school. She earned the title Sarah Barracuda as a result of her exemplary performance in the basketball team as the point-guard and the co-captain. Her contribution led the team to winning the Alaska state championship in 1982. In 1992, Palin was selected in the Wasilla City Council. About four years later, in 1996, Palin was made the mayor of Wasilla. Palin made an attempt to become the lieutenant governor in 2003, but ended up becoming the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission’s chairman. This firm assumed the role of the protector of the gas and oil fields in the state. Palin is the first Republican woman to be deemed eligible for the vide-presidency and is also the first Alaskan that made use of a major party’s national ticket in 2008, when Palin was nominated for the post of vice-presidency from the Republican Party. Palin resigned from the governorship in July 2009 after which, she launched a campaign in favor of the Tea Party Movement. Since the start of 2010, Palin has been commenting upon the politics from the platform of the Fix News and has been hosting the Sarah Palin’s Alaska show on the television. The fact that the number of viewers of the first episode of her show exceeded five million was an addition to her already lengthy list of records. The Learning Channel had never seen this volume of audiences before this show. Sarah Palin’s Involvement with MSNBC MSNBC is a US-based cable news channel which is projected in several countries including US, Canada, South Africa, Middle East and Germany. The name MSNBC is a combination of Microsoft and NBC, which reflects the joint venture of Microsoft and the NBC unit of the General Electric. This joint venture took place with the establishment of MSNBC in 1996. Originally an insignia of the partnership between Microsoft and NBC, share of Microsoft kept reducing until NBC gained almost complete hold over the news channel. MSNBC has been addicted to Sarah Palin for a long time. Palin’s overrepresentation in the media can partly be attributed to the fact that about two years ago in the Republican presidential ticket, the Alaska governor displayed an electrifying emergence. Although Palin was neither a public official in those days nor was a candidate any more, yet the journalists noticed that any r eport that included her name got listed amongst the most-viewed reports. â€Å"Palin, feeding this co-dependency and indulging the news business's endless desire for conflict, tweeted provocative nuggets that would help us keep her in the public eye -- so much so that this former vice presidential candidate gets far more coverage than the actual vice president† (Milbank, 2011). With the departure of Keith Olbermann, it is expected that MSNBC’

Strucural adjustment and ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strucural adjustment and ideology - Essay Example the IMF affect small countries needing assistance, and the addition of the Structural Adjustments furthers the affect that certain policies have on them. The Structural Adjustments will be closely looked at by viewing a country that has needed to secure funds from the IMF. When the IMF and the World Bank began to implement Structural Adjustments, the goal was simple. The goal is to decrease the fiscal imbalance while also decreasing the countries overall poverty rate. What the IMF does to decrease imbalance in the shortest possible time frame is to implement a free market system. This free market system is believed to have a positive effect on the countries financial outlook. The IMF however does not take account the negative aspects that surround a free market system.(Danaher, 65) While there have been some changes, the major tenants are the same. Afghanistan, a country that is embroiled in war is also a country that the IMF has assisted as of December 2011. The policy is that if certain criteria are followed, Afghanistan will be out from all external debt in six years. Not only do the initial requirements to gain funding difficult to achieve, the entire program has fundamental changed how Afghanistan views money, most of it now negatively. When Afghanistan first requested to be in the program, their debt to export ratio had to exceed 200% and/or their debt to government revenues had to exceed 280%. These figures arguably are arbitrary and therefore restrictive for the requesting nation. In addition on of the major tenants of the IMF is that a free market, without much governmental oversight be created. This upset the people of Afghanistan, as previously all of their industry was controlled by internal forces, versus external corporations and other countries. Another requirement of the IMF is that most state owned resources, utilities and industries become privatized. In Afghanistan this caused many issues as there is a tradition of state owned

Literature Review dependent variable is knowledge productivity.

Literature Review dependent variable is knowledge productivity. 2.1 Introduction This chapter is divided into six main sections. This first section provides an overview of the chapter. The second section is a definition of essential terms that used in this study. The third section discusses the background and the previous study that focusing on factors that influencing and contributing to the knowledge and research productivity. The fourth section discusses the models and frameworks of knowledge conversion abilities developed by past researchers. The fifth section highlights the theoretical framework, hypotheses develop for this study, and the final section summarizes the chapter. 2.2 Definition of Term There are 3 essential terms in this study. There are that are knowledge productivity (KP), organizational factor and individual factor. All these three terms will be frequently highlight and discuss throughout this study. 2.2.1 Knowledge Productivity According to Kessels (2001), Knowledge productivity involves signalling, absorbing and processing of relevant information, generating and disseminating new knowledge and applying this knowledge to the improvement and innovation of processes, products and services (Kessels,2001). Refer to the Cambridge Dictionaries Online (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary), productivity define as a rate at which an organization make or produces goods, it usually judge by the number of people and amount of the materials produce. In the context of this study, knowledge productivity can be refer to the amount or number of knowledge produce or generated. Meanwhile, according to (Jansink, et.al, 2005) concept of knowledge productivity is related with training and research activity. Hence, for the purpose of this study knowledge productivity is referring to research productivity. Williams (2003), define research productivity as an effort of any scholarly research produced by a faculty member that contributes to the new knowledge. In this study the dependent variable is knowledge productivity. 2.2.2 Organizational/ Institutional factor According to Waworuntu and Holsinger (1989), organizational factor consist of the quality of research facilities, research collaboration, reward system and institutional prestige. Meanwhile, according to Long et.al (2009), organizational factors are the affective motivator for the research production. They list out research reward; research expectation and pressure to publish are research comes under organizational factor. Dundar and Lewis (1998) 2.2.3 Individual factor Early work with these factors included the effects of age, gender, socioeconomic status, and educational background (Dundar.H, Lewis.D.R, 1998) 2.3 Previous Study on Knowledge Productivity 2.3.1 Knowledge productivity Research has become the most important functions of universities all over the world. Knowledge is created through research conducted in the Universities. It is clear that faculty build and disseminate knowledge through the production of research (Dundar and Lewis, 1998). Faculty members or academician, the primary producers of academic research, play crucial roles in producing knowledge. According to Teodorescu (2000), professor at Research University are expected to produce new knowledge through research and use the latest result in their teaching. Research productivity or research performance is very synonym with the academician and University. Williams (2003), define research productivity as an effort of any scholarly research produced by a faculty member that contributes to the new knowledge. Research productivity always refer to the number of books, articles, technical reports, bulletins, and book reviews published, as well as presentations given and grants received through revi ewing curriculum vitae or other print materials (Rotten 1990). Meanwhile, according to Wilson (2001), research productivity defined by the number of the publication of publication in an academic refereed journal and scholarly books. Obviously, research productivity is a number of researches done which measure by the number of publication published. According to Gaston (1970), research productivity divided into two components. There are knowledge creation which is related to the research activity and knowledge distribution which is related to the publication or productivity. Hence in the study, research productivity will be considered as knowledge productivity. Importance of Knowledge Productivity Research is a one of the product creates by academician. Research has a significant impact to career development of the academician. Previous studies shown that research productivity give the impact to academician profession. Research productivity is one of the criteria for promotion, reward system as we as their tenure ( Kotrlik, 2002). It supported by Bloedel (2001), stated that research productivity always serves as a main factor in determine successful of academician, especially related to the promotion, tenure and salary. Meanwhile, according Read et al (1998), criteria for the promotion had been change in recent year. Most of the academician who being promoted in recent year has conducted more research compare with academician promoted in a last few year. This scenario shows that the University has emphasize research productivity for the promotion exercise. Gibbs and Locke (1989), through their study which involved 93 University found that the most important criteria for the pr omotion and tenure decision are the research productivity. The productivity of knowledge or research not only gives the impact to the academician but also to the academician itself. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the important of research productivity to the University or higher institution. According to Blackburn et. al, (1991), research productivity not only important to academician, but also important for enhancing an institution reputation. Research productivity contributed to the University rank and performance (Henthorne et al.,1998). Study conducted by Olsen (1994), also found that increase in productivity led to high prestige for the institution. This supported by Boyer (1990). He found that research productivity not only give a promotion to the academician, but also improve university reputation and rank. Meanwhile, Kasten (1984) found that major criteria for promotion for academician is a research productivity. Influencing factor on Knowledge Productivity The important of the knowledge productivity in the academic environment has encouraged researcher to study and investigate influencing factor on knowledge productivity. Numerous studies have been conducted on the influencing research productivity in academic environment. The studies have identified and investigated numerous factors that influencing research productivity. It is important to identify the factors that have a relationship with research productivity to encourage research activity among the academician. According to Blackburn and Lawrence (1995), socio demographic and career factors as well as self-knowledge, social knowledge, behaviours and environmental related to research productivity. William (2003), identify environmental factors, institutional factors and individual factors are related to the research productivity. Zainab (2001) identify that individual and organization correlated with research productivity among academician in Malaysia. Meanwhile, Fox (1996) found t hat individual characteristics, environmental and reinforcing which included colleagues and mentorship influencing research productivity among academician in science faculty. Personal or individual factors seem a most frequent factor that has been connected with the research productivity. Wood (1990) proved that research productivity significant influence by personal variables. He has conducted a study among academician for Australian university. Through the study, he found that academic research activity is highly influenced by a number of personal variables, such as research styles and the freedom of inquiry (the choice of research topics). The personal correlates considered in studies are gender, age family background and personality traits. Age has been studied in previous studies with different results. Gender Gender is a one of the variable has been examined under individual variable. Most of the previous studies indicated that men are more productive than women (Bailey 1992; Vasil 1992; Billard 1993; Blackburn Lawrence 1995; Creamer 1998; Kotrlik et al. 2002). Blackburn, Behymer and Hall (1978) found that male academician published three times more than are women academician. These finding supported by study done by Cole and Zuckerman (1984). They found that on average male academician published 40% to 50% more compare that women academician. Same scenario also happens on the academician in ASEAN region. Study by Waworunto ( 1989), who focus on the Indonesia academician also found that male academician are more productive in doing a research. There are several reason have been highlight in the previous study on this scenario. According to Guyer and Fidell (1973), this is because of women academician more engaged in applied research compare than men who engaged more on theoretical resear ch. Applied research needed considerably more time to publish compare than theoretical. Cole and Zuckerman (1984) also provided a reason for their result of the study. According to them, women are less productive because of they do not have strong network on research and family obligations also prevent women to spending more time on research. This reason support by (Creamer 1998), indicated that, women naturally members often have family demands that compete with time to conduct research. Further, Gaertner and Ruhe (1983) found women academician are excited to perform better than men, however it caused greater stress to them and effect their productivity However, opposing result has been found by some researchers. They found that there was not a gender difference in productivity (Kotrlik et al. 2002; Teodorescu 2000). Consistent result also found by Rubin and Powell (1987) and also Omundson and Mann (1994). They found no difference in publication outputs for male and females. Meanwh ile Garland (1990) found that gender was not a significant variable on productivity compare with other variables such as rank, educator and type of institution. Age Many previous studies on research productivity have indicated that career publication and age have not strong relationship, although most of studies found that publication generally declines with age (Teodorescu 2000). Over (1982), found that research productivity slightly decrease with age. However, when productivity was investigated in groups by birth date, younger faculty members produced more research at an earlier career stage than older faculty members. He also found that many senior academicians remain quite active in research and their outcomes can be comparable to those of younger faculty members. These finding are significant with the study by Levin and Stephan (1991). They reported in his study that the life cycle effect varies significantly by field. Life cycle is related to publishing productivity and obviously scientists become less productive as they age. Generally, a persons age at first publication affects consequent research productivity. If academic lecturers submi t research for their first publication at a young age, then it is more likely that they will produce more when their age increases. Although many studies found relationship between age and research productivity, there are several studies found that there is no strong relationship between age and research productivity. Bland and Berquist (1997) found that shift workloads and emphasis have strong relationship with productivity compare with the age of the academician. Williams (2000) has studied academic lecturers in the Human Resource Development Faculty in the United States and found no significant relationship with age. Kotrlik et al (2001) also found the similar result. His study on the university agricultural education faculty members in the United States found that age did not significantly affect research productivity. Besides that, Ramsden (1994) also found age is not correlated with research productivity. Marital Status Luukkonen and Hieskanen (1983) indicated in their study that, married female academician are more productive. Kyvik ( 1990) who done a study among academician in Norway also found that married and divorce academician ( men and women) were more productive compare than single academician. Author also found that, women with children were more productive compare than that academician who doesnt have children. However the result showed that women who have only one child were more productive compare than women academician with two and more children. Through this study, author has provided some explanation for this finding. These findings because of married women have more energy and stamina compare with women without children. Married academician also gets a support from their husband or wife and their have more experience in social life. Authors also explain that family life have increase their self respect and being married neutralize the affect of sex since married women corporate more with their male colleagues. In contrast, Creamer (1998), discovered that there was either no significant effect or a positive effect on publishing productivity for married women. Interest, attitude and motivation (research skill) Wood (1990) found that personal or individual characteristic influenced research productivity among Australian academician. The personal or individual characteristic that has been study is the ability, energy, creativity, motivation, ambition and also self discipline. According to author, productive academician tended to be a senior academician because they ready with extraordinary workload, intellectually curiosity and like writing and puts time away for research. Productive academician also saw as a gamesmanship, who hard-nosed about the time allocated for research even though need to scarified other responsibilities such as teaching. Through this study, author found that less of productivity are because of the lacked of confident being judge by peer, adhere to such high standard that their work never get published and also lack of experience. Author also found that productive academician is a who have certain attitude and approach toward research such as they put greater stress of research activity and also working extra time on their research activity. Interest in research also was study by Behymer (1974) and found research interest to be the best predictor of research productivity. Meanwhile Noser et al. (1996) found attitude toward research to be related to research productivity. Sageemas N.W.,S.N, Wongwanich.S Bowarnkitiwong.S. (2009) also found capabilities in research skills and technique, funding skills, research management and research communication skills and networking and team work would produce high research productivity among Thailand academician. Bland, C.J. et al (2002) also have study motivational factor on research productivity. They found that academician who highly research driven is positively associated with research productivity. This result is significant with the study by Zainab (2001). She found view or perception on the research also positively associated with research productivity among Malaysian academician. Work habit Fox 1993 refer A recent study by Fonseca et al. (1997) of50 eminent Brazilian scientists in the field of biochemistry and cell biology, indicated that they are highly motivated, found pleasure in their work and able to face challenges effectively. High publication productivity reflects excellence. The eminent scientists have a common trait in that they were all highly productive. The scientists were also interviewed and their CV examined to identify periods of greater and lesser productivity. The peaks and falls were used as a reference point in the interviews. For each scientist two productivity scores were computed (a) total number of published papers and (b) sum impact factors (IF) of the journals in which the articles are published. The IF of a journal is the average number of citations received in one year by the articles published in that journal in the two previous years. These two scores were plotted along the years of each scientists career. The interviews revealed five groups of factors i nfluencing productivity: (a) human factors related to human relations in the laboratory, the quality of the working team, the relationship of the leaders to the students, the ability to exchange ideas, interact with other scientists, and the rapport among team members; (b) subjective emotional factors related to the ability to face challenges, motivation and pleasure at work.; (c) active material conditions related to facilities, equipment and money to buy chemicals ; (d) types of research related to having the freedom A recent study by Fonseca et al. (1997) of 50 eminent Brazilian scientists in the field of biochemistry and cell biology, indicated that they are highly motivated, found pleasure in their work and able to face challenges effectively. High publication productivity reflects excellence. The eminent scientists have a common trait in that they were all highly productive. The scientists were also interviewed and their CV examined to identify periods of greater and lesse r productivity. The peaks and falls were used as a reference point in the interviews. For each scientist two productivity scores were computed (a) total number of published papers and (b) sum impact factors (IF) of the journals in which the articles are published. The IF of a journal is the average number of citations received in one year by the articles published in that journal in the two previous years. These two scores were plotted along the years of each scientists career. The interviews revealed five groups of factors influencing productivity: (a) human factors related to human relations in the laboratory, the quality of the working team, the relationship of the leaders to the students, the ability to exchange ideas, interact with other scientists, and the rapport among team members; (b) subjective emotional factors related to the ability to face challenges, motivation and pleasure at work.; (c) active material conditions related to facilities, equipment and money to buy ch emicals ; (d) types of research related to having the freedom Academic rank Numerous studies have been done to correlate academic rank with the research productivity. Academic rank was studied by Bailey (1992), Dundar and Lewis (1998), Kyvik and Smeby (1994), Teodorescu (2000) and Vasil (1992). Each found rank to be a significant predictor of research productivity. Ramsden (1994) found seniority of academic rank to be correlated with research performance. Meanwhile Patterson and Barnes 1984; Bentley and Blackburn 1990) indicated that academician in higher rank have more productivity compare with lower rank. Similar result also found by Wanner,Lewis and Gregario (1981). They indicated found that rank has strong relationship with research productivity. Kyvik (1990a) indicated full professor produce more research because they have less teaching load then they can more on the research productivity. . Meanwhile Tien and Blackburn (1996) found slightly different result. Full professor publisher more than other rank of academician but there a no difference between assistance professor and associate professor. However, in contrast, Over (1982) also found rank has no influence. Same result also found by Gregario (1981). Gunne and Stout (1980) also found there is no significant relationship between rank and research productivity. Experience and Tenure Tenure also has been examined in previous study toward research productivity. Tenure is guarantee of their career as an academician and secures their position in the University. A tenured academician will have a more privilege and benefit compared that non tenure academician. This scenario will provide morale boot and secure working environment. Hence, there is no doubt tenure will affect the productivity of academician. Butler and Cantrell (1989) was studied tenure variables among business faculty members and it showed significant correlated with research productivity. Later Radhakrishna et al. (1994) found that tenured faculty members held publishing as significantly more important than non tenured faculty members. Another study was done by Bailey (1992) found that productivity level increase when academician moves from non tenure to tenure academician. However contrast result found by Teodorescu (2000). He found that tenure was not significantly correlated with article productivit y. Similar result also found by Bartlett et al. (2001). He indicated that the number of years a faculty member held a tenure track position did not explain a significant portion in variance for research productivity. Meanwhile experience also was study by Rushton, Murray and Paunonen (1987). They found relationship between publication and experience and also age. The number of publication increase with the number of experience of the profession. The vast experience in research determine the research productivity in India ( Babu and sigh, 1998). Organizational / Departmental Organizational factor also defined as departmental by some researcher. Support from Time spend on research and teaching (64) Austin and Gamson (1983) indicated that extrinsic factors such as teaching load, administrative tasks, reward and opportunity could influence research productivity. Meanwhile clark,corcoran and lewis (1986) -. found that academician who allocated a smaller percentage of their time in teaching had a stronger research orientation. Calligro et al (1991) -. also found a similar result. They found academician who are productive spent more time on research. However Webster (1985) found that there was a little or no positive correlation between research and teaching. Same result found by Feldmen (1987) . Fox (1992). has study of the academic role, time allocation for research and teaching, teaching load and also time administrative. The result indicated that publication productivity was not related to teaching. Other study by Blackburn et al ( 1991) also indicated interest in research need not necessary predict high productivity in research. Discipline difference wood Department size Graduate student supervision Departmental prestige Culmulative advantage Leadership Role of the leader in organization in influencing research productivity and performance have been studies previously. According to Friedrich ( 1985) Friedrich,G.W.(1985). Renewing the commitment to Scholarly.Annual Meeting of the speech communication assocaition) leader can help to create healthy climate for scholarship by setting realistic goal, identify area where they can excel and be a more individual approach when dealing with staff. McKeaachie ( 1983) McKeaachie, ( 1983). Faculty as a renewal resources. In: College faculty: versatile human resources in a period of constraint, study on the fuinction of leader in encouraging research activity. Leader who respected research performance among academic staff provided an environment that encourage research activity. Boice (1988), found the important of leader in encouraging writing through forming discussion group, highlight good writing habit and conduct a research workshop. Barnhill and Linton (1992), indentify how leader can promo te research. They found that promoting a balance between teaching and research, identify the best undergraduate for the staff requirement,ecourange under represented staff to perform, provide clear research goal, encourage team research group, and also identify the need for the research. According to author, leader also should have a leadership criteria such as lead by example,lead pro actively, encourage inter disciplinary research and also research collaboration. The done by Fonseca et al 1997 -.) also found the relationship between leader and research productivity. Beside the environmental factors mentioned above, the leadership of an institution or department leaders are important factors affecting research productivity. Leadership is a relationship between leaders and their constituents and a subtle process of mutual influence that fuses thought, feeling, and action to produce collective effort in the service of the purposes and values of both the leader and the led (Bolman Deal 1991). Kerr (1977) reviewed the literature on leadership and found that leadership plays an important role in research universities because the leadership highlight staff morale and self-esteem. For Gardner (1995), who studied leadership from the perspective of the cognitive psychologist, leaders are persons who, by word and/or personal example, markedly influence the behaviours, thoughts and /or feelings of a significant number of their fellow human beings (p.6). Leadership in academic organizations can be understood as taking different forms depending on how leader s view their institutions. A university can be viewed as a bureaucracy, a collegiums, a political system or an organized anarchy (Chaichanapanich 1998). Generally, leadership has a weak relationship with academic productivity, even when the Chair of the faculty lends moral support or provides monetary backing for the research, because faculty members continue to be more concerned about their teaching, their research or their scholarship. Indeed, it has been observed that faculty staff members valued more highly the assessment of their colleagues and their students than the support of their leadership (Blackburn Lawrence 1995) Colloboration / knowledge sharing Financial Financial element is a important in research productivity. Amount of funding will influence amount of research or knowledge produce. Salisbury (1990), Foncesa et al (1997) found a significant relationship between financial support and research productivity. Wood (1990) also indicated that adequate and continued funding is very important factor in ensuring successful of the research. Warner, Lewis and Gregario (1981) have compare the publication number and amount of grant and they found that amount of grant have resulted in greater productivity or articles. Again, this result shows the positive relationship between fund and productivity. Facilities ( library, electronic support, Library play the important in research. Capabilities of library to provide the resources influenced research productivity. Electronic facilities Schefermeyer and Sewell (1988) indicated that using of email among academician to communicate and seek other for research collaboration have open opportunity to increase research productivity. Almquist (1992) Almquist, E.(1992). Listening to users:case studies in building electronic community.Fox institution annual conference, found that the scientists used IT facilities for different phases of their research especially at the subject identification and also find a similar research or literature. Meanwhile, Bruce (1994)- found that over 80% of Australian academic believed that network access give them benefit in conducting research and 63% believed it can helped increase their publication. Massy and Zemsky (1995). suggested that the availabilitiy of IT facilities provided greater access to the resources and it increase the productivity of research. Huges (1999) investigated the telecommunication environment that support research productivity and found that a networked environment he lped to promote information about research productivity. 2.4 Theories, Framework and Model of Previous Study 2.4.1 Zainab Awang Ngah (2001) Exploratory study to examined the factor that affecting the research publication of academic engineering and scientist from UKM and UM. This study aim to identify problem as well as increase understanding of factor that conducive for a productive academic research environment. The study identifies total number and type of research publication published.Examined the endogenous factor such as personal,home,academic background,attitude,view and problem faced and how these are related to publication productivity. Examianed exogenous factor, academic staff information used and disseminated behaviour, problem associated with publsihng articles or in obtaining library materials. The sample population comprises 125 academic engineering and 311 academic scientis from UKM and UM. Data collection and information about the staff are obtained from questionnaire, university calendar and interview. The results are reported in descriptive statistic and tested for significant and correlation using the chi square for nominal type variables and the spearman rank test. The result generally show that in more cases the correlated are significant related to publication productivity. The significant correlated ( Masuk kan model nya (diagram disini) 2.5 Theoretical Framework Organization Factor Top management Slack Resource Knowledge sharing culture Training Technical infra Knowledge Productivity (Dependent variable) Individual Factor Research motivation Attitude toward research Research skill 2.6 Chapter Summary Conclusion The diversity of factor influencing research productivity is well documented in published literature. However, difference in finding about the relative relationship of research productivity and various variables remained.