Falling In - Literature Essay Samples

In his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger narrates the psychological and physical tribulations of Holden Caulfield, an overanalyzing, mentally unstable teenage boy, searching for satisfaction in an ever-changing world. In one selection, Holden describes his nighttime journey through Central Park; on the edge of an emotional breakdown, he seeks companionship yet continuously scorns the idea of being with those who care about him. Through Salingers manipulation of detail, setting, and repetition, he underscores Holdens feelings of loneliness and detachment, and he exposes his deteriorating mental state.In order to capture and demonstrate Holdens unspoken emotions, Salinger employs an ironic selection of details. Holden, lonesome and forlorn, longs to disregard his past experiences; however, as he breaks the record intended for his sister Phoebe, he didnt feel like just throwing [the pieces] away (Salinger 154). This unbroken tie to his past reappears as he describes the s tress and concern of his parents and his whole goddamn stupid bunch of relatives if he died (155). Ironically, he imagines only his fear of picturing [his mother] not knowing what to do with all [his] suits and athletic equipment and all and his abhorrence of his grandfather calling out the numbers of the streets when you ride on a goddamn bus with him; these insignificant and unprecedented details highlight Holdens ultimate mental degeneration (154, 155). Holdens psychological deterioration continues as he complains about squandering all of his money; after making this proclamation, he unwarrantedly casts his coins into the pond and explains that [he didnt] know why [he] did it, but [he] did it(156).Holdens feelings of solitude and wavering mental conditions parallel the disheartening, abandoned setting of the lake in Central Park. As Holden wanders through the park looking for the lake, he expresses that he knew right where it wasbut [he] still couldnt find it (154). This sta tement embodies Holdens psychological state of being; he proposes that he knows what he wants in life yet cannot seem to locate it. When he finally does find the lake, it appears to be partly frozen and partly not frozen; in this condition, the lake symbolizes Holdens precarious position on the border between rationality and insanity (154). Desperately searching for the ducks, Holden again appears to be seeking companionship. However, all of the ducks have disappeared, and he is left in isolation. As Holden edges toward the condition of mental instability, he symbolically comes close to damn near [falling] in once (154). By italicizing the word in, Salinger creates a double entendre; Holden appears to be in jeopardy of literally falling into the lake and figuratively plunging into a state of mental collapse.Finally, through his use of repetition, Salinger emphasizes Holdens preeminent detachment from the world and progression into physiological insanity. As he wanders through the park, he continuously reemphasizes the darkness around him; in fact, as the chapter progresses, the scene is described as getting darker and darker (154). Ultimately, Holden expresses that Its not too bad when the suns out, but the sun only comes out when it feels like coming out; just as the darkness of the scene successively appears to be significantly intensifying, Holdens feelings of isolation magnify to the extent of escalating his feelings of hopelessness (156). These emotions eventually generate apprehension and fear of death, the ultimate state of isolation and disconnection from others. As Holden ponders this possibility, he repeats the assertion that cemeteries are Surrounded by dead guys(155). Feeling isolated and solitary, he concludes that his detachment from society will infinitely aggrandize after death; therefore, he cannot take [his] mind off his fear of getting pneumonia and dying (156). In his mentally degenerating state of being, Holden truly believes th at he is perishing; consequently, he also deems it necessary to consistently reiterate his sister Phoebes fondness and adoration of him. Needing to verify this love in order to convince himself of its actuality, he asserts that She likes me a lot. I mean shes quite fond of me. She really is; this repetition illustrates Holdens hesitation in recognizing blatant human affection (156).As Holden Caulfield wanders through Central Park, J.D. Salinger adroitly incorporates an ironic selection of detail, a symbolic setting, and a revealing repetition of facts in order to examine this estranged, disturbed characters emotions. Sinking further and further into a state of psychological abnormality, Holdens detached and deteriorating thought processes ultimately foreshadow his impending, complete mental breakdown.

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Conjugate the Italian Verb Preferire

Reflection Of Ebonics - 1741 Words

Language is a primary mean of communication that has contributed to society for millions of years. Language can tell a story about people’s culture. Language can produce a series of emotions and meanings. Language can be spoken distinctively through changes in spelling, speed, tones, and pitches. Language creates an atmosphere of togetherness, mystery, and security to outsiders. In my life, Ebonics had revealed an unique aspect of how my parents and distant relatives influenced my understanding of the Afrocentric dialect of the English language. In addition, it revealed how I communicate to my family and friends and the distinction of my reading between Ebonics and Old English during my high school years. Not to mention, for those who†¦show more content†¦Three years later, they resided in Lake Ridge, a predominately black suburban neighborhood, to start their new lives with me on the way to enter the world. After my birth, months later, my parents took me to visit both of their families in Memphis and Rossville, to show off their beautiful baby girl. My parents and I continued to visit our family almost 8 times a year. Once I could literally understand my surroundings when I was a 1 year- old, whenever I would visit my relatives, I could hear the uniqueness of how they spoke. I recall my aunts, grandmother, great- grandmother, and cousins on my mother side, speaking in many different tones, pitches, and speed. I could hear my grandmother telling my mother how cute I was. â€Å"Aww, now she ah cute lil girl, she ova here lookin’ like her daddy.† (â€Å"Aww, she is a cute little girl. She looks just like her dad.†), said my grandmother. I still remember the high pitch of her voice and the fast speed of how her words came out. But I didn’t think too much of it of course being that I was so young. Moments later, we arrived at my father’s sister’s house in Rossville, Tennessee. My aunt, K.K, held me up to her face and smiled with gleam. She turns to my parents and says, â€Å"Y’all don came all da way up here and I get to see dis angel.† (You all really came all the way here and I get to see this angel.†) Again, I recall that my aunt had the same high pitch and speed as my grandmother. After manyShow MoreRelatedShould Students Use Ebonics During The Classroom? Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesdropbox on Moodle. 1. Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement: We should allow students to use Ebonics in the classroom. Make sure you explain your answer well. I agree that we should allow students to use Ebonics in the classroom because then stu-dent will be able to learn about the different cultures and languages for them to know for their future learning and lives. Ebonics is an important in the because not all students may have access to someone with a different language than ourRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Understanding, Culture, And Perspectives1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural communication is about distinctions and variances that refer to traditional, and everyday life. In this reflection paper I will display supporting factors that contribute to my understanding of cultures. I will present my understanding of my background, experiences, culture, and perspectives. In addition. give my understanding of acceptance and differences in background, experience, culture and perspectives outside of my culture by giving my understanding of cognitive and behavioralRead MoreLanguage As A Form Of Communication Essay1388 Word s   |  6 Pagesdialect. However, if it is spoken by a speech community that is merely socially isolated, it is called a social dialect. These latter dialects are mostly based on class, ethnicity, gender, age, and particular social situations. Black English, or Ebonics, in the United States is an example of a social dialect. Dialects may be both regional and social. An example is the Chinese spoken dialect and written form called nushu. It apparently was known and used only by women in the village of Jiang-yongRead MoreThe Impact Of Hip Hop Music On America1491 Words   |  6 Pagesinitiate violence. When young men model around with their extravagant bling, they illustrate their worth to a female. Inadvertedly, materialism then becomes the means for winning sexual partners. Another is establishing a ‘thug’ reputation through Ebonics/slang dictation, baggy clothing and a street reputation. Young black women play a role in perpetrating hip-hop culture also. By ac knowledging only young men who wear bling or those who live a ‘thug life’, they maintain the appeal of a destructiveRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Language1737 Words   |  7 Pagesspeak a different dialect of their own are unintelligent or it’s â€Å"wrong†. However, â€Å"negative attitudes towards the language, lack of information about the language, inefficient techniques for teaching language and literacy skills† (CCCC Statement on Ebonics) does not mean someone having a different style of speech from another’s regard others who speak in dialects different from their own as being unintelligent, but simply because someone s style of speech is different from another s, does not makeRead MoreEmergent Themes And Data Supported Findings Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesplight the African American males have in life. Participants were asked to discuss the problems African American male students experience in writing. Teachers provided substantive statements supporting several emergent themes: 1) Chore to Write, 2) Ebonics, 3) Disconnect-Lack of Interest, and 4) Inadequate Communication. The data findings revealed 45.8% of teachers believed students feeling compelled to write as a chore. Of the statements 35.4% of participants said the students have a language barrierRead MoreQuestions On Diversity And Communication Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthat in America that may mean something different to the person that you are speaking with language. Take, for instance, the word see in English means to perceive with the eyes: discern visually, it also means discern or deduce mentally after reflection or from information; understand. In Spanish it s si and sounds just the same. But the Spanish version means yes. In the English language si is syllable for the seventh tone of a scale and sometimes even used for the music tone B. In frenchRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English Language Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesused by urban-working class and mostly bi-dialectical middle-class black Americans. The language is also commonly known as Black Vernacular English or Black English. In some cases, particularly outside the academic community, it is referred to as Ebonics given its distinctive features and similarities with other non-standard English varieties. The similarities with other varieties are evident when compared to various standard and non-standard English languages that are commonly used in the UnitedRead MoreSeeing a Color-Blind Future by Patricia J. Williams.2942 Words   |  12 Pageswith the whole Ebonics controversy. At my school a lot of the teachers were outraged with the whole Ebonics issue. At first I thought it was kind of cool that society felt like the way we as African Americans spoke was important enough to give us our own separate language. The more I thought about it the more I realized that racial discrimination was alive and well and I also realized that a stereotype was being implemented and that a lot of the youth was too blind to see it. Ebonics was to be termedRead MoreThe African American Culture And Consciousness From The Short Lived Black Power Movement Essay1867 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch and linking of historical data with modern day ideologies. He made connections between the changes in African American culture during this era and present day ideas of self-worth in the following generations. He connected the idea of self-reflection and related to the Black Power movements disdain of the Uncle Tom Negro. Also, he connected the music and art form during the Black Power movement with the following generation’s means of expression and choice pertaining to art and music. Van

A Research On Nursing Success - 1678 Words

Nursing Success Imagine that a year old little boy comes into the emergency room. He had been in a car accident and was losing a lot of blood. He needs a blood transfusion to help save his life. I know without it he is going to die. Once I talk to his family, I realize I am not going to be able to save him because, due to religious beliefs, he is unable to receive a blood transfusion. I now have to decide how to proceed. It is unethical to go against religious beliefs without consent, but I also took an oath to save lives. Now is when I have to be open minded and try to understand why the parents made the decision not to do everything medically possible to save him. Many times nurses have to pull the plug on patients that have signed a do not resuscitate form. They do not always understand it or agree with it but they do have to go through with it because it is the patient’s wishes. Part of nursing is being able to put their own feelings aside to do what has to be done. Many times people believe nurses are cold to their patients, but in reality it is their way of being able to get the job done. Nurses do not have the chance to break down on the job. They have to be able to keep an open mind to be successful in nursing, because religious, personal, and medical beliefs collide daily. If they were not able to maintain an open mind, it would tear them up and affect their abilities to do their job correctly. Religion is one are nurses have to keep an open mind. â€Å"Religion isShow MoreRelatedData Evaluation with CARS Checklist: Factors That Affect Student Success in Nursing School1762 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent success in nursing school. List of Sources Alameida, M.D., Prive, A., Davis, H.C., Landry, L., Renwanz-Boyle, A., Dunham, M. (2011). Predicting NCLEX-RN success in a diverse student population. Journal of Nursing Education, 50(5), 261-267. Bosch, P.C., Doshier, S.A., Gess-Newsome, J. (2012). Bilingual nurse education program: Applicant characteristics that predict success. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(2), 90-95. Bronner, M. (1982). Bridges or barriers to success: The natureRead MoreNursing Research Utilization Project1349 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Research Utilization Project: The nursing profession has experienced several challenges and emerging issues in the recent past that have significant impacts on the health and wellbeing of the society. Some of the major challenges facing this field include nurses commitment to their work, their etiquette while working, shortage of nurses, meeting patients expectations, and their dedication to their profession and patients. While there have been numerous attempts to address these issuesRead MoreClinical Nurse Specialist Job Description1672 Words   |  7 PagesDescription The healthcare environment in America is rapidly changing as a result of improved scientific research, healthcare reform, and an enhanced focus on Evidence Based Practice (EBP) care. This has given rise to the need for a highly educated and expertly trained nursing workforce. Clinical nurse specialists (CNS), trained as advanced practice nurses, fulfill a vital need in nursing by providing expert clinical expertise to patients, families, and staff. CNSs are also committed to improvingRead MoreAfrican American Nursing Students Have The Lowest Graduation Rate Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough African-Americans represent the largest minority group, studies show they have the lowest success rates in nursing programs. According to the AACN (2013), â€Å"African-American nursing students have the lowest graduation rate when compared to other minority groups†. The lack of minorities providing care negatively effects healthcare outcomes and accessibility. In order to in crease the number of African-Americans nurses practicing, it is essential to gain an understanding of the conditionsRead MoreAfrican Americans and the Nursing Field1369 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant that it was to go to the doctor and how important it is now. Despite the importance of the medical profession, nursing in particular requires a tremendous amount of training and further education. However, it is known that becoming a nurse is not an easy task to accomplish which means a greater shortage of nurses. As Lisa Seldomridge and Mary DiBartolo ,two professors of nursing notes in 1998 that â€Å" The current shortage of nurses. . .† led up to the conclusion that precautions need to be takenRead MoreThe Global Issue Of Mental Health And Shortage Of Nursing Staff1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthis utilization review is compare and contrast the global issue of mental health and shortage of nursing staff. Mental health is not the primary choice of nursing students when they g raduate, and there is a shortage of psychiatric nurses as the older generation is coming closer to retirement. Across the states in Australia, studies have been conducted by Registered Nurses to survey and analyze nursing students and their field of preference after graduation. From the studies analyzed in this literatureRead MoreThe Increment of the Proportion of Nurses with a Baccalaureate Degree: Nursing Recommendations919 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact extensively on the performance of nurses and the general efficiency of the nursing profession. An increase of such nurses to 80% would certainly mean that the care and duty normally provided by the nurses will certainly improve. Considering that most nurses only hold diploma certificates as the basis for their service, an increase in degrees will mean that more nurses will have learnt more about the nursing profession. In this regard, their performance would be expected to increase drasticallyRead MoreNurse Educators Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesSummarize the webinar of your choosing and discuss the implications concerning nursing education. The webinar titled â€Å"Succeeding as a Nurse Educator† was presented by Diane Billings, EdD, RN, FAAN. The three objectives for the webinar were to be able to â€Å"differentiate between the roles of faculty appointment: teaching, service, and scholarship; implement strategies for working smarter, not harder; and develop a career plan for success as a nurse educator† (Billings, 2013). The webinar started by discussingRead MoreNursing Theorist1222 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Theorist: Betty Neuman Nursing Theorist: Betty Neuman Intro Nursing theories are the basic concepts that define nursing practice and provide the explanation to why nurses do what they do. Nurses are exposed to theories everyday in clinical practice. During any given day, a nurse will utilize multiple nursing theories. These theories guide how a nurse treats patients, how tasks are performed, assessments completed and interventions established. By studying nursing theory, it allowsRead MoreHow Budgeting Is A Way Of Creating A Plan For Spending Of Money Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagesfor cost overruns. SOCIAL CONTEXT When budgeting is done, it helps to use your money wisely. Prevent +one from being in debt. One saves for the extras that make life enjoyable. The living expenses are paid. CURRENT RESEARCH Budgeting is a useful tool for financial success. It is easy to implement. People with income and expenses of all sizes find it easier to make conscious decisions about how to spend their money. APPLICATION IN CURRENT JOB In my place of work, the head nurse sees the budgeting

Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs Free Essays

On September 4, 1997, Phyllis Schlafly wrote an article titled â€Å"School-to-Work Will Train, Not Educate. † The article discusses the cons of the school-to-work program and that states that it is portrayed as a â€Å"cradle to the grave. † The article says that the school-to-work program will train and not educate. We will write a custom essay sample on Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schlafly is the president of the Eagle Forum, a organization that stands for the fundamental right of parents to guide the education of their own children, thinks that â€Å"school-to-work is a direct threat to the individual student, his or her privacy, his or her goals and his or her acquisition of an education that can help him reach them. Schlafly†s opinion wrong and will not pass in today†s society. In Schlafly†s criticism, she states that the school-to-work program â€Å"deemphasizes or eliminates academic work and substitutes mandated vocational training to better serve the workforce. † She also says that â€Å"instead of the focus being on developing the child, the focus is on developing a labor force. † Schlafly thinks that school-to-work is training rather then education. In contrast to Schlafly, Olson says that school-to-work give students â€Å"motivation† which will help students because students in today†s society are not motivated enough. Surveys prove that students describe education as â€Å"boring. † Schlafly believes that the STW law stating that vocational training starts â€Å"at the earliest possible age†¦ † is wrong. The reason is that she believes that elementary or middle school children do not know what career they want to fulfill. The last point in Schlafly†s article is she states that â€Å"big businesses support school-to-work because they think that vocational courses in high school for illiterate or semi-illiterate students will train young Americans to compete in the global economy with people in the third world willing to work for 25 and 50 cents an hour. She is basically saying that big businesses are supporting school-to-work because they want some cheap labor. In conclusion to her article, Schlafly says that â€Å"all those who value freedom must defeat and defund school-to-work. † She thinks that school-to-work is oppressing the students from their freedom to learn and receive a good education. Schlafly†s article says that Marc Tucker†s plan for school-to-work is to â€Å"train children in specific jobs to serve the workforce and the global economy instead of educate them so they can make their own life choices. She also says that it is designed on the â€Å"German system. † Where did she get the idea that school-to-work is based on the â€Å"German system? † She does not know what she is talking about and the information she is spreading is invalid. She also states that the program is to â€Å"train† children but she also does not give the option of training and educating together. Olson shows how training and education goes together by showing kids why they have to learn and by creating a desire to learn. Schlafly is absolutely wrong about â€Å"training children. † Beginning school-to-work at the earliest age possible does not mean that elementary and middle school students are going to choose their lifetime career. Giving the children vocational training will give them an option in what they want to do in the future. Children will see if they like the field of training and study and decide whether or not they want to pursue that vocation in the future. In comparison to what Olson says, â€Å"school-to-work activities can provide choices and opportunities for young people, many of whom are not now well served y our education system. Schlafly says that â€Å"big businesses support school-to-work† because it will provide them with cheap labor. Where did Schlafly get this information? Throughout the whole article there is no proof of justifying this idea. She also mentions that governors support the program because â€Å"it gives them control of a pot of money for which they don†t have to account to the state legislature. † This statement also lacks evidence and cannot be used to prove that the program is a failure. School-to-work is not for businesses or governors, but rather for the children themselves and their goals for their future. Like Olson says, â€Å"school-to-work can encourage young people to pursue education and training beyond high school. † Is Schlafly criticism valid at all? Absolutely not, she bases her information on nothing, such as the â€Å"German system. † Schlafly proved that school-to-work is training for a lifetime career but this argument is wrong because training can also be compatible with education. Big businesses and governors may support school-to-work for cheap labor and for the money but there is no proof and even if there was any proof not all businesses and governors would think that way. Until Schlafly gives some proof to her information and can prove that training and education are not compatible, she is not to be taken seriously. School-to-work is a very good idea and to agreement with Olson, â€Å"done right school-to-work can be a powerful tool in the effort to achieve higher academic standards and a more educated citizenry. How to cite Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs, Papers

African art affected the style and subject matter of the Cubist art movement Essay Example For Students

African art affected the style and subject matter of the Cubist art movement Essay The aim of this art history essay is to discuss the ways in which primitive, African art affected the style and subject matter of the cubist art movement. Cubism is considered as art of abstraction which makes reference to the visible world but doesnt copy it. It depicts real forms in a simplified way keeping only an allusion of the original natural subject. Cubism originated from Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in 1907. Their style was heavily influenced by post impressionist artist Paul Cezanne, whos later work starts to depict the multiple perspectives that defined the cubist period. The cubists felt that the traditions of western art in which subject-matter and style had been depicted had been unchanged since the renaissance and they believed a new challenge was needed to revitalise the conventional methods set by the academy. Most of the cubists were attracted by the anarchist philosophy, and they wanted to create art that would shock the academy, critics and public. About this time Paul Gauguin had travelled to Tahiti were he painted the natives and their natural surroundings, this in itself was revolutionary as no other western artist had explored to such a depth geographically or artistically. Primitive art was not greatly known outside the African continent but other artists were also beginning to notice these cultural differences. So with the new perception on painting from multiple viewpoints and the opportunities of new cultural experiences, the cubists became extremely enthusiastic about re-inventing 20th century art. 1(Georges Braque recalled that negro masks opened a new horizon for me. They made it possible for me to make contact with instinctive things, with uninhibited feeling that went against the false tradition which I hated). The simplified shapes and lack of concern with realist depiction of the sculptures attracted them to including and incorporating this style into their own work. The sculptures and the masks of the primitive have a lot of religious meaning to the native people; the westerners were not however, interested in the religious symbolism of these cultural artefacts. 2(Apollinaire remarked: in negro sculpture, no account is taken of the supernatural character with which it is endowed by the artists, who have created it and the faithful who worship it) Westerners viewed Africa as the symbol of savagery. The cubists, however, saw this as a refreshing source but merely valued their expressive style and abstract forms. 3(His interpretation of African art, in these mask-like faces, was based on this idea of African savagery; his brush-strokes are hacking, impetuous, and violent). Picasso was able to convey his personal feelings and views about the primitive culture through his dramatic art work. Maurice Vlaminck sold an African mask to Derain who, in turn, introduced it to Picasso. 4(Derain was speechless and stunned when he saw it Picasso and Matisse, who were also greatly affected by it.) This was the first time Picasso had seen such unusual art. He later went to an exhibition at the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadero in Paris, which intrigued him further. The 19th century Fang sculpture (below) is similar to what Picasso saw just before he painted Les Demoiselles D Avignon in 1907. It is notably Picassos first art works to be influenced by primitive art. Perhaps being the most revolutionary painting of the 20th century by breaking with traditions of the past. It is considered the birth of cubism. Outline1 Picasso, Les Demoiselles D Avignon, 1907.2 Picasso, Head of Woman, 19073 Picasso, Nude with raised arms, 19074 Georges Braque, Large Nude, 19085 Picasso, Glass and Bottle of Suze, 1912 and Georges Braque, Violin and Pipe, 1913 Humanism and Its Relation to the Art of Governing EssayTheir style at this time is known as analytic cubism which developed between 1908 and 1912. The artists would reduced natural forms into basic geometric shapes; focusing on certain shapes to represent the natural world. 7(Cezanne wanted to treat nature by the cylinder, the sphere, the cone a tree trunk may be conceived of as a cylinder, a human head a sphere, for example). The cubists developed this theory further. Analytic cubism was an analysis of the subject viewed with many different light sources and use of space. Synthetic Cubism developed later between 1912 and 1919; paper collage was used for the first time. Newspaper clippings, wallpaper, fabric, sand and sawdust were a common addition i n this style of cubism; they wanted to incorporate the real world into the canvas. There was also the introduction of brighter colours and the shapes composed were of fewer and simpler forms. Primitive art really only assisted in to the development of analytic cubism, the artists had moved on to synthetic cubism and began to create art that viewed concerns with the everyday chaos of the modern world. Picasso, Glass and Bottle of Suze, 1912 and Georges Braque, Violin and Pipe, 1913 These are both examples of synthetic cubism; they do in fact look very comparable. Picasso and Braque often found it hard to distinguish the differences between their own works. The colours still seem fairly neutral with a hint of brighter colours but there is a distinct lack of primitive influence. So in conclusion, the cubists aim was to create a new approach to Western art, primitive art was used because they felt that it helped them in achieving this aim, They provided a radical alternative to the traditional Western conventions. It is clear to see how primitive art influenced and ultimately inspired the cubist artists. Pablo Picasso, notably, being the first to make visual reference to the stylistic and simplistic qualities of African art in his own work. Georges Braque, on the other hand, didnt use the African art so obviously; he preferred to paint landscapes and still life. He did however, take on board, the natural colours and stuck to a narrow colour spectrum. Cubist artists only really used elements of primitive art mainly when it suited their own needs. Therefore, primitive art, though not the only source of inspiration, nevertheless had a vital influence on the foundations of cubism.